New research challenges role of thymus gland in adulthood

Study finds increased risk of death and cancer after thymus removal.

Recent scientific research is challenging the long-standing belief that the thymus gland loses its importance after childhood, suggesting it may continue to contribute to immune function later in life.

The thymus, located behind the breastbone (sternum), is primarily known for its role in developing the immune system during early life.

For years, it was widely believed that its function diminishes after puberty as the gland gradually shrinks and produces fewer immune cells.

However, a 2023 study by American researchers has brought this assumption into question. The research found that adults who had undergone thymus removal were at a higher risk of death and cancer within five years of surgery, prompting renewed scientific attention on the organ’s long-term role.

Harvard cancer specialist Dr. David Scadden said the findings indicate the thymus may be more significant in adulthood than previously thought.

According to the study, removal of the gland was linked with at least a twofold increase in the risk of death and cancer.

Researchers stressed that the study was observational and does not prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Still, they noted that the results highlight an area that needs further investigation.

The thymus is responsible for producing T cells in childhood, which are essential for the body’s ability to fight infections and disease.

Earlier research has also shown that individuals born without a thymus may have weaker immune responses and reduced vaccine effectiveness over time.

Because the thymus sits close to the heart, it is sometimes removed during certain cardiac or chest surgeries. Experts say that until stronger evidence is available, preserving the gland whenever possible may be the more cautious approach.